新闻关键词：远洋捕捞 Distant-Water Fishing

近年来，中国部分地区出现了被称为“远洋捕捞”的现象。这一术语并非指传统的海洋捕鱼活动，而是隐喻某些地方执法机关跨省、跨区域对企业进行趋利性执法的行为。在地方财政压力增大的背景下，这种现象引发了广泛关注和讨论。

“远洋捕捞”现象的背景与动因：

1. 地方财政压力增大： 受经济下行和房地产市场低迷等因素影响，地方财政收入下降，部分地区面临资金短缺的问题。数据显示，2024年前三季度，全国税收收入同比下降5.3%，而非税收入同比增长13.5%，其中包括罚没收入的增加。
2. 趋利性执法动机： 在财政压力下，一些地方执法机关通过跨省执法，对外地企业进行查封、冻结资金等措施，以获取罚没收入。这种行为被形象地称为“远洋捕捞”，即跨越行政区域进行“捕捞”以获取利益。

“远洋捕捞”对企业和经济的影响：

• 企业经营受阻： 大量企业因异地执法导致账户冻结、资金链断裂，正常经营受到严重影响。例如，广州地区自2023年以来，近万家企业遭遇异地执法，绝大部分为民营企业。
• 营商环境恶化： 频繁的异地执法行为损害了企业家的信心，破坏了公平、公正的营商环境，不利于经济的健康发展。

各方反应与应对措施：

• 中央层面关注： 国家发改委主任郑栅洁在新闻发布会上强调，要规范异地行政执法行为，防范选择性执法、趋利性执法。
• 地方政府行动： 广东省等地已采取措施，规范异地执法行为，保护本地企业的合法权益。例如，深圳市明确规定，外地公安机关不得非法进入企业办案。

专家建议：

• 改革罚没收入制度： 有专家建议，将刑事案件的罚没所得统一上缴中央财政，斩断地方执法机关与罚没收入之间的利益链条，从根本上杜绝趋利性执法行为。
• 加强法律监督： 建议完善法律法规，明确异地执法的程序和权限，加强对执法行为的监督，防止滥用职权。

总之，“远洋捕捞”现象反映了在地方财政压力下，部分地区执法行为的异化。要解决这一问题，需要从制度上进行改革，确保执法行为的合法性和公正性，营造良好的营商环境，促进经济的健康发展。

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In recent years, certain regions in China have witnessed the emergence of a phenomenon referred to as “distant-water fishing.” This term does not pertain to traditional ocean fishing but is instead a metaphor for profit-driven law enforcement practices by local authorities, involving cross-provincial or cross-regional actions against enterprises. Against the backdrop of mounting fiscal pressure on local governments, this phenomenon has sparked widespread attention and debate.

Background and Drivers of the “Distant-Water Fishing” Phenomenon

1. Rising Fiscal Pressure:
   Due to economic downturns and a sluggish real estate market, local government revenues have declined, with some regions facing severe financial shortfalls. According to data, in the first three quarters of 2024, national tax revenue decreased by 5.3% year-on-year, while non-tax revenue increased by 13.5%, including a rise in income from fines and forfeitures.
   (Source: Tencent News)
2. Profit-Driven Enforcement Motives:
   Under financial strain, certain local enforcement agencies have resorted to cross-provincial actions such as seizing and freezing the assets of businesses from other regions to generate revenue through fines and forfeitures. This practice is metaphorically referred to as “distant-water fishing,” symbolizing the act of “fishing” for profits beyond their jurisdiction.
   (Source: NetEase)

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Impact of “Distant-Water Fishing” on Businesses and the Economy

1. Operational Disruptions:
   Many enterprises have suffered due to extraterritorial enforcement, leading to frozen accounts and broken financial chains, severely hindering normal business operations. For instance, since 2023, nearly 10,000 enterprises in Guangzhou have faced cross-regional enforcement, with the majority being privately-owned businesses.
   (Source: Sing Tao Global Network)
2. Deterioration of the Business Environment:
   Frequent cross-regional enforcement undermines the confidence of entrepreneurs, disrupts fair and equitable business practices, and adversely impacts the overall economic environment.
   (Source: NetEase)

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Responses and Countermeasures

1. Central-Level Attention:
   Zheng Shanjie, Director of the National Development and Reform Commission, emphasized in a press conference the need to standardize cross-regional administrative enforcement to prevent selective or profit-driven practices.
   (Source: Tencent News)
2. Local Government Actions:
   Provinces like Guangdong have introduced measures to regulate cross-regional enforcement activities and protect the legitimate rights of local enterprises. For example, Shenzhen has explicitly stipulated that external law enforcement agencies are not allowed to conduct investigations within the jurisdiction without proper authorization.
   (Source: Tencent News)

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Expert Recommendations

1. Reforming the Revenue System for Fines:
   Experts suggest that proceeds from criminal case fines and forfeitures should be centralized to the national treasury, effectively breaking the link between local enforcement agencies and revenue from penalties, thereby eliminating the incentive for profit-driven enforcement.
   (Source: Tencent News)
2. Enhancing Legal Oversight:
   Strengthening legislation to clarify the procedures and authority for cross-regional enforcement and improving oversight mechanisms to prevent abuse of power are also recommended.
   (Source: Tencent News)

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In conclusion, the “distant-water fishing” phenomenon highlights the distortions in law enforcement caused by local fiscal pressures. To address this issue, institutional reforms are necessary to ensure the legitimacy and fairness of enforcement activities, create a favorable business environment, and foster sustainable economic development.

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